Source code
Description: source: package: org.apache.commons.codec.digest, class: MurmurHash3, class: IncrementalHash32

    001/*
    002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
    003 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
    004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
    005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
    006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
    007 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
    008 *
    009 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
    010 *
    011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
    012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
    013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
    014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
    015 * limitations under the License.
    016 */
    017
    018package org.apache.commons.codec.digest;
    019
    020import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.StringUtils;
    021
    022/**
    023 * Implements the MurmurHash3 32-bit and 128-bit hash functions.
    024 *
    025 * <p>
    026 * MurmurHash is a non-cryptographic hash function suitable for general hash-based lookup. The name comes from two basic
    027 * operations, multiply (MU) and rotate (R), used in its inner loop. Unlike cryptographic hash functions, it is not
    028 * specifically designed to be difficult to reverse by an adversary, making it unsuitable for cryptographic purposes.
    029 * </p>
    030 *
    031 * <p>
    032 * This contains a Java port of the 32-bit hash function {@code MurmurHash3_x86_32} and the 128-bit hash function
    033 * {@code MurmurHash3_x64_128} from Austin Appleby's original {@code c++} code in SMHasher.
    034 * </p>
    035 *
    036 * <p>
    037 * This is public domain code with no copyrights. From home page of
    038 * <a href="https://github.com/aappleby/smhasher">SMHasher</a>:
    039 * </p>
    040 *
    041 * <blockquote>
    042 * "All MurmurHash versions are public domain software, and the author disclaims all copyright to their
    043 * code."
    044 * </blockquote>
    045 *
    046 * <p>
    047 * Original adaption from <a href="https://hive.apache.org/">Apache Hive</a>.
    048 * That adaption contains a {@code hash64} method that is not part of the original
    049 * MurmurHash3 code. It is not recommended to use these methods. They will be removed in a future release. To obtain a
    050 * 64-bit hash use half of the bits from the {@code hash128x64} methods using the input data converted to bytes.
    051 * </p>
    052 *
    053 * @see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MurmurHash">MurmurHash</a>
    054 * @see <a href="https://github.com/aappleby/smhasher/blob/master/src/MurmurHash3.cpp"> Original MurmurHash3 C++
    055 *      code</a>
    056 * @see <a href=
    057 *      "https://github.com/apache/hive/blob/master/storage-api/src/java/org/apache/hive/common/util/Murmur3.java">
    058 *      Apache Hive Murmer3</a>
    059 * @since 1.13
    060 */
    061public final class MurmurHash3 {
    062
    063    /**
    064     * Generates 32-bit hash from input bytes. Bytes can be added incrementally and the new
    065     * hash computed.
    066     *
    067     * <p>
    068     * This is an implementation of the 32-bit hash function {@code MurmurHash3_x86_32}
    069     * from Austin Appleby's original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} code in SMHasher.
    070     * </p>
    071     *
    072     * <p>
    073     * This implementation contains a sign-extension bug in the finalization step of
    074     * any bytes left over from dividing the length by 4. This manifests if any of these
    075     * bytes are negative.
    076     * </p>
    077     *
    078     * @deprecated Use IncrementalHash32x86. This corrects the processing of trailing bytes.
    079     */
    080    @Deprecated
    081    public static class IncrementalHash32 extends IncrementalHash32x86 {
    082
    083        /**
    084         * Constructs a new instance.
    085         */
    086        public IncrementalHash32() {
    087            // empty
    088        }
    089
    090        /**
    091         * {@inheritDoc}
    092         *
    093         * <p>
    094         * This implementation contains a sign-extension bug in the finalization step of
    095         * any bytes left over from dividing the length by 4. This manifests if any of these
    096         * bytes are negative.
    097         * <p>
    098         *
    099         * @deprecated Use IncrementalHash32x86. This corrects the processing of trailing bytes.
    100         */
    101        @Override
    102        @Deprecated
    103        int finalise(final int hash, final int unprocessedLength, final byte[] unprocessed, final int totalLen) {
    104            int result = hash;
    105            // Note: This fails to apply masking using 0xff to the 3 remaining bytes.
    106            int k1 = 0;
    107            switch (unprocessedLength) {
    108            case 3:
    109                k1 ^= unprocessed[2] << 16;
    110                // falls-through
    111            case 2:
    112                k1 ^= unprocessed[1] << 8;
    113                // falls-through
    114            case 1:
    115                k1 ^= unprocessed[0];
    116                // mix functions
    117                k1 *= C1_32;
    118                k1 = Integer.rotateLeft(k1, R1_32);
    119                k1 *= C2_32;
    120                result ^= k1;
    121            }
    122            // finalization
    123            result ^= totalLen;
    124            return fmix32(result);
    125        }
    126    }
    127
    128    /**
    129     * Generates 32-bit hash from input bytes. Bytes can be added incrementally and the new
    130     * hash computed.
    131     *
    132     * <p>
    133     * This is an implementation of the 32-bit hash function {@code MurmurHash3_x86_32}
    134     * from Austin Appleby's original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} code in SMHasher.
    135     * </p>
    136     *
    137     * @since 1.14
    138     */
    139    public static class IncrementalHash32x86 {
    140
    141        /** The size of byte blocks that are processed together. */
    142        private static final int BLOCK_SIZE = 4;
    143
    144        /**
    145         * Combines the bytes using an Or operation ({@code | } in a little-endian representation
    146         * of a 32-bit integer; byte 1 will be the least significant byte, byte 4 the most
    147         * significant.
    148         *
    149         * @param b1 The first byte.
    150         * @param b2 The second byte.
    151         * @param b3 The third byte.
    152         * @param b4 The fourth byte.
    153         * @return The 32-bit integer.
    154         */
    155        private static int orBytes(final byte b1, final byte b2, final byte b3, final byte b4) {
    156            return b1 & 0xff | (b2 & 0xff) << 8 | (b3 & 0xff) << 16 | (b4 & 0xff) << 24;
    157        }
    158
    159        /** Up to 3 unprocessed bytes from input data. */
    160        private final byte[] unprocessed = new byte[3];
    161
    162        /** The number of unprocessed bytes in the tail data. */
    163        private int unprocessedLength;
    164
    165        /** The total number of input bytes added since the start. */
    166        private int totalLen;
    167
    168        /**
    169         * The current running hash.
    170         * This must be finalized to generate the 32-bit hash value.
    171         */
    172        private int hash;
    173
    174        /**
    175         * Constructs a new instance.
    176         */
    177        public IncrementalHash32x86() {
    178            // empty
    179        }
    180
    181        /**
    182         * Adds the byte array to the current incremental hash.
    183         *
    184         * @param data The input byte array.
    185         * @param offset The offset of data.
    186         * @param length The length of array.
    187         */
    188        public final void add(final byte[] data, final int offset, final int length) {
    189            if (length <= 0) {
    190                // Nothing to add
    191                return;
    192            }
    193            totalLen += length;
    194            // Process the bytes in blocks of 4.
    195            // New bytes must be added to any current unprocessed bytes,
    196            // then processed in blocks of 4 and the remaining bytes saved:
    197            //
    198            //    |--|---------------------------|--|
    199            // unprocessed
    200            //                main block
    201            //                                remaining
    202
    203            // Check if the unprocessed bytes and new bytes can fill a block of 4.
    204            // Make this overflow safe in the event that length is Integer.MAX_VALUE.
    205            // Equivalent to: (unprocessedLength + length < BLOCK_SIZE)
    206            if (unprocessedLength + length - BLOCK_SIZE < 0) {
    207                // Not enough so add to the unprocessed bytes
    208                System.arraycopy(data, offset, unprocessed, unprocessedLength, length);
    209                unprocessedLength += length;
    210                return;
    211            }
    212            // Combine unprocessed bytes with new bytes.
    213            final int newOffset;
    214            final int newLength;
    215            if (unprocessedLength > 0) {
    216                int k = -1;
    217                switch (unprocessedLength) {
    218                case 1:
    219                    k = orBytes(unprocessed[0], data[offset], data[offset + 1], data[offset + 2]);
    220                    break;
    221                case 2:
    222                    k = orBytes(unprocessed[0], unprocessed[1], data[offset], data[offset + 1]);
    223                    break;
    224                case 3:
    225                    k = orBytes(unprocessed[0], unprocessed[1], unprocessed[2], data[offset]);
    226                    break;
    227                default:
    228                    throw new IllegalStateException("Unprocessed length should be 1, 2, or 3: " + unprocessedLength);
    229                }
    230                hash = mix32(k, hash);
    231                // Update the offset and length
    232                final int consumed = BLOCK_SIZE - unprocessedLength;
    233                newOffset = offset + consumed;
    234                newLength = length - consumed;
    235            } else {
    236                newOffset = offset;
    237                newLength = length;
    238            }
    239            // Main processing of blocks of 4 bytes
    240            final int nblocks = newLength >> 2;
    241
    242            for (int i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) {
    243                final int index = newOffset + (i << 2);
    244                final int k = MurmurHash.getLittleEndianInt(data, index);
    245                hash = mix32(k, hash);
    246            }
    247            // Save left-over unprocessed bytes
    248            final int consumed = nblocks << 2;
    249            unprocessedLength = newLength - consumed;
    250            if (unprocessedLength != 0) {
    251                System.arraycopy(data, newOffset + consumed, unprocessed, 0, unprocessedLength);
    252            }
    253        }
    254
    255        /**
    256         * Generates the 32-bit hash value. Repeat calls to this method with no additional data
    257         * will generate the same hash value.
    258         *
    259         * @return The 32-bit hash.
    260         */
    261        public final int end() {
    262            // Allow calling end() again after adding no data to return the same result.
    263            return finalise(hash, unprocessedLength, unprocessed, totalLen);
    264        }
    265
    266        /**
    267         * Finalizes the running hash to the output 32-bit hash by processing remaining bytes
    268         * and performing final mixing.
    269         *
    270         * @param hash The running hash.
    271         * @param unprocessedLength The number of unprocessed bytes in the tail data.
    272         * @param unprocessed Up to 3 unprocessed bytes from input data.
    273         * @param totalLen The total number of input bytes added since the start.
    274         * @return The 32-bit hash.
    275         */
    276        int finalise(final int hash, final int unprocessedLength, final byte[] unprocessed, final int totalLen) {
    277            int result = hash;
    278            int k1 = 0;
    279            switch (unprocessedLength) {
    280            case 3:
    281                k1 ^= (unprocessed[2] & 0xff) << 16;
    282                // falls-through
    283            case 2:
    284                k1 ^= (unprocessed[1] & 0xff) << 8;
    285                // falls-through
    286            case 1:
    287                k1 ^= unprocessed[0] & 0xff;
    288                // mix functions
    289                k1 *= C1_32;
    290                k1 = Integer.rotateLeft(k1, R1_32);
    291                k1 *= C2_32;
    292                result ^= k1;
    293            }
    294            // finalization
    295            result ^= totalLen;
    296            return fmix32(result);
    297        }
    298
    299        /**
    300         * Starts a new incremental hash.
    301         *
    302         * @param seed The initial seed value.
    303         */
    304        public final void start(final int seed) {
    305            // Reset
    306            unprocessedLength = totalLen = 0;
    307            hash = seed;
    308        }
    309    }
    310
    311    /**
    312     * A random number to use for a hash code.
    313     *
    314     * @deprecated This is not used internally and will be removed in a future release.
    315     */
    316    @Deprecated
    317    public static final long NULL_HASHCODE = 2862933555777941757L;
    318
    319    /**
    320     * A default seed to use for the murmur hash algorithm.
    321     * Has the value {@code 104729}.
    322     */
    323    public static final int DEFAULT_SEED = 104729;
    324    // Constants for 32-bit variant
    325    private static final int C1_32 = 0xcc9e2d51;
    326    private static final int C2_32 = 0x1b873593;
    327    private static final int R1_32 = 15;
    328    private static final int R2_32 = 13;
    329
    330    private static final int M_32 = 5;
    331    private static final int N_32 = 0xe6546b64;
    332    // Constants for 128-bit variant
    333    private static final long C1 = 0x87c37b91114253d5L;
    334    private static final long C2 = 0x4cf5ad432745937fL;
    335    private static final int R1 = 31;
    336    private static final int R2 = 27;
    337    private static final int R3 = 33;
    338    private static final int M = 5;
    339
    340    private static final int N1 = 0x52dce729;
    341
    342    private static final int N2 = 0x38495ab5;
    343
    344    /**
    345     * Performs the final avalanche mix step of the 32-bit hash function {@code MurmurHash3_x86_32}.
    346     *
    347     * @param hash The current hash.
    348     * @return The final hash.
    349     */
    350    private static int fmix32(int hash) {
    351        hash ^= hash >>> 16;
    352        hash *= 0x85ebca6b;
    353        hash ^= hash >>> 13;
    354        hash *= 0xc2b2ae35;
    355        hash ^= hash >>> 16;
    356        return hash;
    357    }
    358
    359    /**
    360     * Performs the final avalanche mix step of the 64-bit hash function {@code MurmurHash3_x64_128}.
    361     *
    362     * @param hash The current hash.
    363     * @return The final hash.
    364     */
    365    private static long fmix64(long hash) {
    366        hash ^= hash >>> 33;
    367        hash *= 0xff51afd7ed558ccdL;
    368        hash ^= hash >>> 33;
    369        hash *= 0xc4ceb9fe1a85ec53L;
    370        hash ^= hash >>> 33;
    371        return hash;
    372    }
    373
    374    /**
    375     * Generates 128-bit hash from the byte array with a default seed.
    376     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    377     *
    378     * <pre>
    379     * int offset = 0;
    380     * int seed = 104729;
    381     * int hash = MurmurHash3.hash128(data, offset, data.length, seed);
    382     * </pre>
    383     *
    384     * <p>
    385     * Note: The sign extension bug in {@link #hash128(byte[], int, int, int)} does not effect
    386     * this result as the default seed is positive.
    387     * </p>
    388     *
    389     * @param data The input byte array.
    390     * @return The 128-bit hash (2 longs).
    391     * @see #hash128(byte[], int, int, int)
    392     */
    393    public static long[] hash128(final byte[] data) {
    394        return hash128(data, 0, data.length, DEFAULT_SEED);
    395    }
    396
    397    /**
    398     * Generates 128-bit hash from the byte array with the given offset, length and seed.
    399     *
    400     * <p>
    401     * This is an implementation of the 128-bit hash function {@code MurmurHash3_x64_128}
    402     * from Austin Appleby's original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} code in SMHasher.
    403     * </p>
    404     *
    405     * <p>
    406     * This implementation contains a sign-extension bug in the seed initialization.
    407     * This manifests if the seed is negative.
    408     * </p>
    409     *
    410     * @param data The input byte array.
    411     * @param offset The first element of array.
    412     * @param length The length of array.
    413     * @param seed The initial seed value.
    414     * @return The 128-bit hash (2 longs).
    415     * @deprecated Use {@link #hash128x64(byte[], int, int, int)}. This corrects the seed initialization.
    416     */
    417    @Deprecated
    418    public static long[] hash128(final byte[] data, final int offset, final int length, final int seed) {
    419        // Note: This deliberately fails to apply masking using 0xffffffffL to the seed
    420        // to maintain behavioral compatibility with the original version.
    421        // The implicit conversion to a long will extend a negative sign
    422        // bit through the upper 32-bits of the long seed. These should be zero.
    423        return hash128x64Internal(data, offset, length, seed);
    424    }
    425
    426    /**
    427     * Generates 128-bit hash from a string with a default seed.
    428     *
    429     * <p>
    430     * Before 1.14 the string was converted using default encoding. Since 1.14 the string is converted to bytes using UTF-8 encoding.
    431     * </p>
    432     * <p>
    433     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    434     * </p>
    435     *
    436     * <pre>
    437     * int offset = 0;
    438     * int seed = 104729;
    439     * byte[] bytes = data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    440     * int hash = MurmurHash3.hash128(bytes, offset, bytes.length, seed);
    441     * </pre>
    442     *
    443     * <p>
    444     * Note: The sign extension bug in {@link #hash128(byte[], int, int, int)} does not effect this result as the default seed is positive.
    445     * </p>
    446     *
    447     * @param data The input String.
    448     * @return The 128-bit hash (2 longs).
    449     * @see #hash128(byte[], int, int, int)
    450     * @deprecated Use {@link #hash128x64(byte[])} using the bytes returned from {@link String#getBytes(java.nio.charset.Charset)}.
    451     */
    452    @Deprecated
    453    public static long[] hash128(final String data) {
    454        final byte[] bytes = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(data);
    455        return hash128(bytes, 0, bytes.length, DEFAULT_SEED);
    456    }
    457
    458    /**
    459     * Generates 128-bit hash from the byte array with a seed of zero.
    460     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    461     *
    462     * <pre>
    463     * int offset = 0;
    464     * int seed = 0;
    465     * int hash = MurmurHash3.hash128x64(data, offset, data.length, seed);
    466     * </pre>
    467     *
    468     * @param data The input byte array.
    469     * @return The 128-bit hash (2 longs).
    470     * @see #hash128x64(byte[], int, int, int)
    471     * @since 1.14
    472     */
    473    public static long[] hash128x64(final byte[] data) {
    474        return hash128x64(data, 0, data.length, 0);
    475    }
    476
    477    /**
    478     * Generates 128-bit hash from the byte array with the given offset, length and seed.
    479     *
    480     * <p>
    481     * This is an implementation of the 128-bit hash function {@code MurmurHash3_x64_128}
    482     * from Austin Appleby's original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} code in SMHasher.
    483     * </p>
    484     *
    485     * @param data The input byte array.
    486     * @param offset The first element of array.
    487     * @param length The length of array.
    488     * @param seed The initial seed value.
    489     * @return The 128-bit hash (2 longs).
    490     * @since 1.14
    491     */
    492    public static long[] hash128x64(final byte[] data, final int offset, final int length, final int seed) {
    493        // Use an unsigned 32-bit integer as the seed
    494        return hash128x64Internal(data, offset, length, seed & 0xffffffffL);
    495    }
    496
    497    /**
    498     * Generates 128-bit hash from the byte array with the given offset, length and seed.
    499     *
    500     * <p>
    501     * This is an implementation of the 128-bit hash function {@code MurmurHash3_x64_128}
    502     * from Austin Appleby's original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} code in SMHasher.
    503     * </p>
    504     *
    505     * @param data The input byte array.
    506     * @param offset The first element of array.
    507     * @param length The length of array.
    508     * @param seed The initial seed value.
    509     * @return The 128-bit hash (2 longs).
    510     */
    511    private static long[] hash128x64Internal(final byte[] data, final int offset, final int length, final long seed) {
    512        long h1 = seed;
    513        long h2 = seed;
    514        final int nblocks = length >> 4;
    515        // body
    516        for (int i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) {
    517            final int index = offset + (i << 4);
    518            long k1 = MurmurHash.getLittleEndianLong(data, index);
    519            long k2 = MurmurHash.getLittleEndianLong(data, index + 8);
    520            // mix functions for k1
    521            k1 *= C1;
    522            k1 = Long.rotateLeft(k1, R1);
    523            k1 *= C2;
    524            h1 ^= k1;
    525            h1 = Long.rotateLeft(h1, R2);
    526            h1 += h2;
    527            h1 = h1 * M + N1;
    528            // mix functions for k2
    529            k2 *= C2;
    530            k2 = Long.rotateLeft(k2, R3);
    531            k2 *= C1;
    532            h2 ^= k2;
    533            h2 = Long.rotateLeft(h2, R1);
    534            h2 += h1;
    535            h2 = h2 * M + N2;
    536        }
    537        // tail
    538        long k1 = 0;
    539        long k2 = 0;
    540        final int index = offset + (nblocks << 4);
    541        switch (offset + length - index) {
    542        case 15:
    543            k2 ^= ((long) data[index + 14] & 0xff) << 48;
    544            // falls-through
    545        case 14:
    546            k2 ^= ((long) data[index + 13] & 0xff) << 40;
    547            // falls-through
    548        case 13:
    549            k2 ^= ((long) data[index + 12] & 0xff) << 32;
    550            // falls-through
    551        case 12:
    552            k2 ^= ((long) data[index + 11] & 0xff) << 24;
    553            // falls-through
    554        case 11:
    555            k2 ^= ((long) data[index + 10] & 0xff) << 16;
    556            // falls-through
    557        case 10:
    558            k2 ^= ((long) data[index + 9] & 0xff) << 8;
    559            // falls-through
    560        case 9:
    561            k2 ^= data[index + 8] & 0xff;
    562            k2 *= C2;
    563            k2 = Long.rotateLeft(k2, R3);
    564            k2 *= C1;
    565            h2 ^= k2;
    566            // falls-through
    567        case 8:
    568            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 7] & 0xff) << 56;
    569            // falls-through
    570        case 7:
    571            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 6] & 0xff) << 48;
    572            // falls-through
    573        case 6:
    574            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 5] & 0xff) << 40;
    575            // falls-through
    576        case 5:
    577            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 4] & 0xff) << 32;
    578            // falls-through
    579        case 4:
    580            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 3] & 0xff) << 24;
    581            // falls-through
    582        case 3:
    583            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16;
    584            // falls-through
    585        case 2:
    586            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 1] & 0xff) << 8;
    587            // falls-through
    588        case 1:
    589            k1 ^= data[index] & 0xff;
    590            k1 *= C1;
    591            k1 = Long.rotateLeft(k1, R1);
    592            k1 *= C2;
    593            h1 ^= k1;
    594        }
    595        // finalization
    596        h1 ^= length;
    597        h2 ^= length;
    598
    599        h1 += h2;
    600        h2 += h1;
    601
    602        h1 = fmix64(h1);
    603        h2 = fmix64(h2);
    604
    605        h1 += h2;
    606        h2 += h1;
    607        return new long[] { h1, h2 };
    608    }
    609
    610    /**
    611     * Generates 32-bit hash from the byte array with a default seed.
    612     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    613     *
    614     * <pre>
    615     * int offset = 0;
    616     * int seed = 104729;
    617     * int hash = MurmurHash3.hash32(data, offset, data.length, seed);
    618     * </pre>
    619     *
    620     * <p>
    621     * This implementation contains a sign-extension bug in the finalization step of
    622     * any bytes left over from dividing the length by 4. This manifests if any of these
    623     * bytes are negative.
    624     * </p>
    625     *
    626     * @param data The input byte array.
    627     * @return The 32-bit hash.
    628     * @see #hash32(byte[], int, int, int)
    629     * @deprecated Use {@link #hash32x86(byte[], int, int, int)}. This corrects the processing of trailing bytes.
    630     */
    631    @Deprecated
    632    public static int hash32(final byte[] data) {
    633        return hash32(data, 0, data.length, DEFAULT_SEED);
    634    }
    635
    636    /**
    637     * Generates 32-bit hash from the byte array with the given length and a default seed.
    638     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    639     *
    640     * <pre>
    641     * int offset = 0;
    642     * int seed = 104729;
    643     * int hash = MurmurHash3.hash32(data, offset, length, seed);
    644     * </pre>
    645     *
    646     * <p>
    647     * This implementation contains a sign-extension bug in the finalization step of
    648     * any bytes left over from dividing the length by 4. This manifests if any of these
    649     * bytes are negative.
    650     * </p>
    651     *
    652     * @param data The input byte array.
    653     * @param length The length of array.
    654     * @return The 32-bit hash.
    655     * @see #hash32(byte[], int, int, int)
    656     * @deprecated Use {@link #hash32x86(byte[], int, int, int)}. This corrects the processing of trailing bytes.
    657     */
    658    @Deprecated
    659    public static int hash32(final byte[] data, final int length) {
    660        return hash32(data, length, DEFAULT_SEED);
    661    }
    662
    663    /**
    664     * Generates 32-bit hash from the byte array with the given length and seed. This is a
    665     * helper method that will produce the same result as:
    666     *
    667     * <pre>
    668     * int offset = 0;
    669     * int hash = MurmurHash3.hash32(data, offset, length, seed);
    670     * </pre>
    671     *
    672     * <p>
    673     * This implementation contains a sign-extension bug in the finalization step of
    674     * any bytes left over from dividing the length by 4. This manifests if any of these
    675     * bytes are negative.
    676     * </p>
    677     *
    678     * @param data The input byte array.
    679     * @param length The length of array.
    680     * @param seed The initial seed value.
    681     * @return The 32-bit hash.
    682     * @see #hash32(byte[], int, int, int)
    683     * @deprecated Use {@link #hash32x86(byte[], int, int, int)}. This corrects the processing of trailing bytes.
    684     */
    685    @Deprecated
    686    public static int hash32(final byte[] data, final int length, final int seed) {
    687        return hash32(data, 0, length, seed);
    688    }
    689
    690    /**
    691     * Generates 32-bit hash from the byte array with the given offset, length and seed.
    692     *
    693     * <p>
    694     * This is an implementation of the 32-bit hash function {@code MurmurHash3_x86_32}
    695     * from Austin Appleby's original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} code in SMHasher.
    696     * </p>
    697     *
    698     * <p>
    699     * This implementation contains a sign-extension bug in the finalization step of
    700     * any bytes left over from dividing the length by 4. This manifests if any of these
    701     * bytes are negative.
    702     * </p>
    703     *
    704     * @param data The input byte array.
    705     * @param offset The offset of data.
    706     * @param length The length of array.
    707     * @param seed The initial seed value.
    708     * @return The 32-bit hash.
    709     * @deprecated Use {@link #hash32x86(byte[], int, int, int)}. This corrects the processing of trailing bytes.
    710     */
    711    @Deprecated
    712    public static int hash32(final byte[] data, final int offset, final int length, final int seed) {
    713        int hash = seed;
    714        final int nblocks = length >> 2;
    715        // body
    716        for (int i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) {
    717            final int index = offset + (i << 2);
    718            final int k = MurmurHash.getLittleEndianInt(data, index);
    719            hash = mix32(k, hash);
    720        }
    721        // tail
    722        // Note: This fails to apply masking using 0xff to the 3 remaining bytes.
    723        final int index = offset + (nblocks << 2);
    724        int k1 = 0;
    725        switch (offset + length - index) {
    726        case 3:
    727            k1 ^= data[index + 2] << 16;
    728            // falls-through
    729        case 2:
    730            k1 ^= data[index + 1] << 8;
    731            // falls-through
    732        case 1:
    733            k1 ^= data[index];
    734            // mix functions
    735            k1 *= C1_32;
    736            k1 = Integer.rotateLeft(k1, R1_32);
    737            k1 *= C2_32;
    738            hash ^= k1;
    739        }
    740        hash ^= length;
    741        return fmix32(hash);
    742    }
    743
    744    /**
    745     * Generates 32-bit hash from a long with a default seed value.
    746     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    747     *
    748     * <pre>
    749     * int offset = 0;
    750     * int seed = 104729;
    751     * int hash = MurmurHash3.hash32x86(ByteBuffer.allocate(8)
    752     *                                            .putLong(data)
    753     *                                            .array(), offset, 8, seed);
    754     * </pre>
    755     *
    756     * @param data The long to hash.
    757     * @return The 32-bit hash.
    758     * @see #hash32x86(byte[], int, int, int)
    759     */
    760    public static int hash32(final long data) {
    761        return hash32(data, DEFAULT_SEED);
    762    }
    763
    764    /**
    765     * Generates 32-bit hash from a long with the given seed.
    766     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    767     *
    768     * <pre>
    769     * int offset = 0;
    770     * int hash = MurmurHash3.hash32x86(ByteBuffer.allocate(8)
    771     *                                            .putLong(data)
    772     *                                            .array(), offset, 8, seed);
    773     * </pre>
    774     *
    775     * @param data The long to hash.
    776     * @param seed The initial seed value.
    777     * @return The 32-bit hash.
    778     * @see #hash32x86(byte[], int, int, int)
    779     */
    780    public static int hash32(final long data, final int seed) {
    781        int hash = seed;
    782        final long r0 = Long.reverseBytes(data);
    783
    784        hash = mix32((int) r0, hash);
    785        hash = mix32((int) (r0 >>> 32), hash);
    786
    787        hash ^= Long.BYTES;
    788        return fmix32(hash);
    789    }
    790
    791    /**
    792     * Generates 32-bit hash from two longs with a default seed value.
    793     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    794     *
    795     * <pre>
    796     * int offset = 0;
    797     * int seed = 104729;
    798     * int hash = MurmurHash3.hash32x86(ByteBuffer.allocate(16)
    799     *                                            .putLong(data1)
    800     *                                            .putLong(data2)
    801     *                                            .array(), offset, 16, seed);
    802     * </pre>
    803     *
    804     * @param data1 The first long to hash.
    805     * @param data2 The second long to hash.
    806     * @return The 32-bit hash.
    807     * @see #hash32x86(byte[], int, int, int)
    808     */
    809    public static int hash32(final long data1, final long data2) {
    810        return hash32(data1, data2, DEFAULT_SEED);
    811    }
    812
    813    /**
    814     * Generates 32-bit hash from two longs with the given seed.
    815     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    816     *
    817     * <pre>
    818     * int offset = 0;
    819     * int hash = MurmurHash3.hash32x86(ByteBuffer.allocate(16)
    820     *                                            .putLong(data1)
    821     *                                            .putLong(data2)
    822     *                                            .array(), offset, 16, seed);
    823     * </pre>
    824     *
    825     * @param data1 The first long to hash.
    826     * @param data2 The second long to hash.
    827     * @param seed The initial seed value.
    828     * @return The 32-bit hash.
    829     * @see #hash32x86(byte[], int, int, int)
    830     */
    831    public static int hash32(final long data1, final long data2, final int seed) {
    832        int hash = seed;
    833        final long r0 = Long.reverseBytes(data1);
    834        final long r1 = Long.reverseBytes(data2);
    835
    836        hash = mix32((int) r0, hash);
    837        hash = mix32((int) (r0 >>> 32), hash);
    838        hash = mix32((int) r1, hash);
    839        hash = mix32((int) (r1 >>> 32), hash);
    840
    841        hash ^= Long.BYTES * 2;
    842        return fmix32(hash);
    843    }
    844
    845    /**
    846     * Generates 32-bit hash from a string with a default seed.
    847     * <p>
    848     * Before 1.14 the string was converted using default encoding.
    849     * Since 1.14 the string is converted to bytes using UTF-8 encoding.
    850     * </p>
    851     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    852     *
    853     * <pre>
    854     * int offset = 0;
    855     * int seed = 104729;
    856     * byte[] bytes = data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
    857     * int hash = MurmurHash3.hash32(bytes, offset, bytes.length, seed);
    858     * </pre>
    859     *
    860     * <p>
    861     * This implementation contains a sign-extension bug in the finalization step of
    862     * any bytes left over from dividing the length by 4. This manifests if any of these
    863     * bytes are negative.
    864     * </p>
    865     *
    866     * @param data The input string.
    867     * @return The 32-bit hash.
    868     * @see #hash32(byte[], int, int, int)
    869     * @deprecated Use {@link #hash32x86(byte[], int, int, int)} with the bytes returned from
    870     * {@link String#getBytes(java.nio.charset.Charset)}. This corrects the processing of trailing bytes.
    871     */
    872    @Deprecated
    873    public static int hash32(final String data) {
    874        final byte[] bytes = StringUtils.getBytesUtf8(data);
    875        return hash32(bytes, 0, bytes.length, DEFAULT_SEED);
    876    }
    877
    878    /**
    879     * Generates 32-bit hash from the byte array with a seed of zero.
    880     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    881     *
    882     * <pre>
    883     * int offset = 0;
    884     * int seed = 0;
    885     * int hash = MurmurHash3.hash32x86(data, offset, data.length, seed);
    886     * </pre>
    887     *
    888     * @param data The input byte array.
    889     * @return The 32-bit hash.
    890     * @see #hash32x86(byte[], int, int, int)
    891     * @since 1.14
    892     */
    893    public static int hash32x86(final byte[] data) {
    894        return hash32x86(data, 0, data.length, 0);
    895    }
    896
    897    /**
    898     * Generates 32-bit hash from the byte array with the given offset, length and seed.
    899     *
    900     * <p>
    901     * This is an implementation of the 32-bit hash function {@code MurmurHash3_x86_32}
    902     * from Austin Appleby's original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} code in SMHasher.
    903     * </p>
    904     *
    905     * @param data The input byte array.
    906     * @param offset The offset of data.
    907     * @param length The length of array.
    908     * @param seed The initial seed value.
    909     * @return The 32-bit hash.
    910     * @since 1.14
    911     */
    912    public static int hash32x86(final byte[] data, final int offset, final int length, final int seed) {
    913        int hash = seed;
    914        final int nblocks = length >> 2;
    915        // body
    916        for (int i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) {
    917            final int index = offset + (i << 2);
    918            final int k = MurmurHash.getLittleEndianInt(data, index);
    919            hash = mix32(k, hash);
    920        }
    921        // tail
    922        final int index = offset + (nblocks << 2);
    923        int k1 = 0;
    924        switch (offset + length - index) {
    925        case 3:
    926            k1 ^= (data[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16;
    927            // falls-through
    928        case 2:
    929            // falls-through
    930            k1 ^= (data[index + 1] & 0xff) << 8;
    931            // falls-through
    932        case 1:
    933            k1 ^= data[index] & 0xff;
    934            // mix functions
    935            k1 *= C1_32;
    936            k1 = Integer.rotateLeft(k1, R1_32);
    937            k1 *= C2_32;
    938            hash ^= k1;
    939        }
    940        hash ^= length;
    941        return fmix32(hash);
    942    }
    943
    944    /**
    945     * Generates 64-bit hash from a byte array with a default seed.
    946     *
    947     * <p>
    948     * <strong>This is not part of the original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} implementation.</strong>
    949     * </p>
    950     *
    951     * <p>
    952     * This is a Murmur3-like 64-bit variant. The method does not produce the same result as either half of the hash bytes from {@linkplain #hash128x64(byte[])}
    953     * with the same byte data. This method will be removed in a future release.
    954     * </p>
    955     *
    956     * <p>
    957     * Note: The sign extension bug in {@link #hash64(byte[], int, int, int)} does not effect this result as the default seed is positive.
    958     * </p>
    959     *
    960     * <p>
    961     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    962     * </p>
    963     *
    964     * <pre>
    965     *
    966     * int offset = 0;
    967     * int seed = 104729;
    968     * long hash = MurmurHash3.hash64(data, offset, data.length, seed);
    969     * </pre>
    970     *
    971     * @param data The input byte array.
    972     * @return The 64-bit hash.
    973     * @see #hash64(byte[], int, int, int)
    974     * @deprecated Not part of the MurmurHash3 implementation. Use half of the hash bytes from {@link #hash128x64(byte[])}.
    975     */
    976    @Deprecated
    977    public static long hash64(final byte[] data) {
    978        return hash64(data, 0, data.length, DEFAULT_SEED);
    979    }
    980
    981    /**
    982     * Generates 64-bit hash from a byte array with the given offset and length and a default seed.
    983     *
    984     * <p>
    985     * <strong> This is not part of the original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} implementation. </strong>
    986     * </p>
    987     *
    988     * <p>
    989     * This is a Murmur3-like 64-bit variant. The method does not produce the same result as either half of the hash bytes from {@linkplain #hash128x64(byte[])}
    990     * with the same byte data. This method will be removed in a future release.
    991     * </p>
    992     *
    993     * <p>
    994     * Note: The sign extension bug in {@link #hash64(byte[], int, int, int)} does not effect this result as the default seed is positive.
    995     * </p>
    996     *
    997     * <p>
    998     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    999     * </p>
    1000     *
    1001     * <pre>
    1002     *
    1003     * int seed = 104729;
    1004     * long hash = MurmurHash3.hash64(data, offset, length, seed);
    1005     * </pre>
    1006     *
    1007     * @param data   The input byte array.
    1008     * @param offset The offset of data.
    1009     * @param length The length of array.
    1010     * @return The 64-bit hash.
    1011     * @see #hash64(byte[], int, int, int)
    1012     * @deprecated Not part of the MurmurHash3 implementation. Use half of the hash bytes from {@link #hash128x64(byte[], int, int, int)}.
    1013     */
    1014    @Deprecated
    1015    public static long hash64(final byte[] data, final int offset, final int length) {
    1016        return hash64(data, offset, length, DEFAULT_SEED);
    1017    }
    1018
    1019    /**
    1020     * Generates 64-bit hash from a byte array with the given offset, length and seed.
    1021     *
    1022     * <p>
    1023     * <strong>This is not part of the original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} implementation.</strong>
    1024     * </p>
    1025     *
    1026     * <p>
    1027     * This is a Murmur3-like 64-bit variant. This method will be removed in a future release.
    1028     * </p>
    1029     *
    1030     * <p>
    1031     * This implementation contains a sign-extension bug in the seed initialization. This manifests if the seed is negative.
    1032     * </p>
    1033     *
    1034     * <p>
    1035     * This algorithm processes 8 bytes chunks of data in a manner similar to the 16 byte chunks of data processed in the MurmurHash3
    1036     * {@code MurmurHash3_x64_128} method. However the hash is not mixed with a hash chunk from the next 8 bytes of data. The method will not return the same
    1037     * value as the first or second 64-bits of the function {@link #hash128(byte[], int, int, int)}.
    1038     * </p>
    1039     *
    1040     * <p>
    1041     * Use of this method is not advised. Use the first long returned from {@link #hash128x64(byte[], int, int, int)}.
    1042     * </p>
    1043     *
    1044     * @param data   The input byte array.
    1045     * @param offset The offset of data.
    1046     * @param length The length of array.
    1047     * @param seed   The initial seed value.
    1048     * @return The 64-bit hash.
    1049     * @deprecated Not part of the MurmurHash3 implementation. Use half of the hash bytes from {@link #hash128x64(byte[], int, int, int)}.
    1050     */
    1051    @Deprecated
    1052    public static long hash64(final byte[] data, final int offset, final int length, final int seed) {
    1053        // Note: This fails to apply masking using 0xffffffffL to the seed.
    1054        long hash = seed;
    1055        final int nblocks = length >> 3;
    1056        // body
    1057        for (int i = 0; i < nblocks; i++) {
    1058            final int index = offset + (i << 3);
    1059            long k = MurmurHash.getLittleEndianLong(data, index);
    1060            // mix functions
    1061            k *= C1;
    1062            k = Long.rotateLeft(k, R1);
    1063            k *= C2;
    1064            hash ^= k;
    1065            hash = Long.rotateLeft(hash, R2) * M + N1;
    1066        }
    1067        // tail
    1068        long k1 = 0;
    1069        final int index = offset + (nblocks << 3);
    1070        switch (offset + length - index) {
    1071        case 7:
    1072            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 6] & 0xff) << 48;
    1073            // falls-through
    1074        case 6:
    1075            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 5] & 0xff) << 40;
    1076            // falls-through
    1077        case 5:
    1078            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 4] & 0xff) << 32;
    1079            // falls-through
    1080        case 4:
    1081            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 3] & 0xff) << 24;
    1082            // falls-through
    1083        case 3:
    1084            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 2] & 0xff) << 16;
    1085            // falls-through
    1086        case 2:
    1087            k1 ^= ((long) data[index + 1] & 0xff) << 8;
    1088            // falls-through
    1089        case 1:
    1090            k1 ^= (long) data[index] & 0xff;
    1091            k1 *= C1;
    1092            k1 = Long.rotateLeft(k1, R1);
    1093            k1 *= C2;
    1094            hash ^= k1;
    1095        }
    1096        // finalization
    1097        hash ^= length;
    1098        return fmix64(hash);
    1099    }
    1100
    1101    /**
    1102     * Generates 64-bit hash from an int with a default seed.
    1103     *
    1104     * <p>
    1105     * <strong> This is not part of the original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} implementation. </strong>
    1106     * </p>
    1107     *
    1108     * <p>
    1109     * This is a Murmur3-like 64-bit variant. The method does not produce the same result as either half of the hash bytes from {@linkplain #hash128x64(byte[])}
    1110     * with the same byte data from the {@code int}. This method will be removed in a future release.
    1111     * </p>
    1112     *
    1113     * <p>
    1114     * Note: The sign extension bug in {@link #hash64(byte[], int, int, int)} does not effect this result as the default seed is positive.
    1115     * </p>
    1116     *
    1117     * <p>
    1118     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    1119     * </p>
    1120     *
    1121     * <pre>
    1122     *
    1123     * int offset = 0;
    1124     * int seed = 104729;
    1125     * long hash = MurmurHash3.hash64(ByteBuffer.allocate(4).putInt(data).array(), offset, 4, seed);
    1126     * </pre>
    1127     *
    1128     * @param data The int to hash.
    1129     * @return The 64-bit hash.
    1130     * @see #hash64(byte[], int, int, int)
    1131     * @deprecated Not part of the MurmurHash3 implementation. Use half of the hash bytes from {@link #hash128x64(byte[])} with the bytes from the {@code int}.
    1132     */
    1133    @Deprecated
    1134    public static long hash64(final int data) {
    1135        long k1 = Integer.reverseBytes(data) & -1L >>> 32;
    1136        long hash = DEFAULT_SEED;
    1137        k1 *= C1;
    1138        k1 = Long.rotateLeft(k1, R1);
    1139        k1 *= C2;
    1140        hash ^= k1;
    1141        // finalization
    1142        hash ^= Integer.BYTES;
    1143        return fmix64(hash);
    1144    }
    1145
    1146    /**
    1147     * Generates 64-bit hash from a long with a default seed.
    1148     *
    1149     * <p>
    1150     * <strong> This is not part of the original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} implementation. </strong>
    1151     * </p>
    1152     *
    1153     * <p>
    1154     * This is a Murmur3-like 64-bit variant. The method does not produce the same result as either half of the hash bytes from {@linkplain #hash128x64(byte[])}
    1155     * with the same byte data from the {@code long}. This method will be removed in a future release.
    1156     * </p>
    1157     *
    1158     * <p>
    1159     * Note: The sign extension bug in {@link #hash64(byte[], int, int, int)} does not effect this result as the default seed is positive.
    1160     * </p>
    1161     *
    1162     * <p>
    1163     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    1164     * </p>
    1165     *
    1166     * <pre>
    1167     *
    1168     * int offset = 0;
    1169     * int seed = 104729;
    1170     * long hash = MurmurHash3.hash64(ByteBuffer.allocate(8).putLong(data).array(), offset, 8, seed);
    1171     * </pre>
    1172     *
    1173     * @param data The long to hash.
    1174     * @return The 64-bit hash.
    1175     * @see #hash64(byte[], int, int, int)
    1176     * @deprecated Not part of the MurmurHash3 implementation. Use half of the hash bytes from {@link #hash128x64(byte[])} with the bytes from the {@code long}.
    1177     */
    1178    @Deprecated
    1179    public static long hash64(final long data) {
    1180        long hash = DEFAULT_SEED;
    1181        long k = Long.reverseBytes(data);
    1182        // mix functions
    1183        k *= C1;
    1184        k = Long.rotateLeft(k, R1);
    1185        k *= C2;
    1186        hash ^= k;
    1187        hash = Long.rotateLeft(hash, R2) * M + N1;
    1188        // finalization
    1189        hash ^= Long.BYTES;
    1190        return fmix64(hash);
    1191    }
    1192
    1193    /**
    1194     * Generates 64-bit hash from a short with a default seed.
    1195     *
    1196     * <p>
    1197     * <strong>This is not part of the original MurmurHash3 {@code c++} implementation.</strong>
    1198     * </p>
    1199     *
    1200     * <p>
    1201     * This is a Murmur3-like 64-bit variant. The method does not produce the same result as either half of the hash bytes from {@linkplain #hash128x64(byte[])}
    1202     * with the same byte data from the {@code short}. This method will be removed in a future release.
    1203     * </p>
    1204     *
    1205     * <p>
    1206     * Note: The sign extension bug in {@link #hash64(byte[], int, int, int)} does not effect this result as the default seed is positive.
    1207     * </p>
    1208     *
    1209     * <p>
    1210     * This is a helper method that will produce the same result as:
    1211     * </p>
    1212     *
    1213     * <pre>
    1214     *
    1215     * int offset = 0;
    1216     * int seed = 104729;
    1217     * long hash = MurmurHash3.hash64(ByteBuffer.allocate(2).putShort(data).array(), offset, 2, seed);
    1218     * </pre>
    1219     *
    1220     * @param data The short to hash.
    1221     * @return The 64-bit hash.
    1222     * @see #hash64(byte[], int, int, int)
    1223     * @deprecated Not part of the MurmurHash3 implementation. Use half of the hash bytes from {@link #hash128x64(byte[])} with the bytes from the
    1224     *             {@code short}.
    1225     */
    1226    @Deprecated
    1227    public static long hash64(final short data) {
    1228        long hash = DEFAULT_SEED;
    1229        long k1 = 0;
    1230        k1 ^= ((long) data & 0xff) << 8;
    1231        k1 ^= (long) ((data & 0xFF00) >> 8) & 0xff;
    1232        k1 *= C1;
    1233        k1 = Long.rotateLeft(k1, R1);
    1234        k1 *= C2;
    1235        hash ^= k1;
    1236        // finalization
    1237        hash ^= Short.BYTES;
    1238        return fmix64(hash);
    1239    }
    1240
    1241    /**
    1242     * Performs the intermediate mix step of the 32-bit hash function {@code MurmurHash3_x86_32}.
    1243     *
    1244     * @param k The data to add to the hash.
    1245     * @param hash The current hash.
    1246     * @return The new hash.
    1247     */
    1248    private static int mix32(int k, int hash) {
    1249        k *= C1_32;
    1250        k = Integer.rotateLeft(k, R1_32);
    1251        k *= C2_32;
    1252        hash ^= k;
    1253        return Integer.rotateLeft(hash, R2_32) * M_32 + N_32;
    1254    }
    1255
    1256    /** No instance methods. */
    1257    private MurmurHash3() {
    1258    }
    1259}